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Bile acids and their effects on diabetes

Cynthia Rajani, Wei Jia

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 608-623 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0644-x

摘要： Diabetes is a widespread, rapidly increasing metabolic disease that is driven by hyperglycemia. Early glycemic control is of primary importance to avoid vascular complications including development of retinal disorders leading to blindness, end-stage renal disease, and accelerated atherosclerosis with a higher risk of myocardial infarction, stroke and limb amputations. Even after hyperglycemia has been brought under control, “metabolic memory,” a cluster of irreversible metabolic changes that allow diabetes to progress, may persist depending on the duration of hyperglycemia. Manipulation of bile acid (BA) receptors and the BA pool have been shown to be useful in establishing glycemic control in diabetes due to their ability to regulate energy metabolism by binding and activating nuclear transcription factors such as farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in liver and intestine as well as the G-protein coupled receptor, TGR5, in enteroendocrine cells and pancreatic -cells. The downstream targets of BA activated FXR, FGF15/21, are also important for glucose/insulin homeostasis. In this review we will discuss the effect of BAs on glucose and lipid metabolism and explore recent research on establishing glycemic control in diabetes through the manipulation of BAs and their receptors in the liver, intestine and pancreas, alteration of the enterohepatic circulation, bariatric surgery and alignment of circadian rhythms.

关键词： bile acids     metabolic memory     diabetes     circadian rhythm     bariatric surgery    

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A mini review: Shape memory polymers for biomedical applications

Kaojin Wang, Satu Strandman, X. X. Zhu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第2期   页码 143-153 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1632-4

摘要： Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are smart materials that can change their shape in a pre-defined manner under a stimulus. The shape memory functionality has gained considerable interest for biomedical applications, which require materials that are biocompatible and sometimes biodegradable. There is a need for SMPs that are prepared from renewable sources to be used as substitutes for conventional SMPs. In this paper, advances in SMPs based on synthetic monomers and bio-compounds are discussed. Materials designed for biomedical applications are highlighted.

关键词： shape memory polymer     biodegradability     biocompatibility     biomedical application     bile acids    

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Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

Ruiting Han, Junli Ma, Houkai Li

《医学前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第6期   页码 645-657 doi: 10.1007/s11684-018-0645-9

摘要： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common metabolic diseases currently in the context of obesity worldwide, which contains a spectrum of chronic liver diseases, including hepatic steatosis, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatic carcinoma. In addition to the classical “Two-hit” theory, NAFLD has been recognized as a typical gut microbiota-related disease because of the intricate role of gut microbiota in maintaining human health and disease formation. Moreover, gut microbiota is even regarded as a “metabolic organ” that play complementary roles to that of liver in many aspects. The mechanisms underlying gut microbiota-mediated development of NAFLD include modulation of host energy metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and bile acid and choline metabolism. As a result, gut microbiota have been emerging as a novel therapeutic target for NAFLD by manipulating it in various ways, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and herbal components. In this review, we summarized the most recent advances in gut microbiota-mediated mechanisms, as well as gut microbiota-targeted therapies on NAFLD.

关键词： gut microbiota     NAFLD     obesity     insulin resistance     bile acids     probiotic    

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Bile duct injury repair — earlier is not better

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年 第9卷 第4期   页码 508-511 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0418-7

摘要：

Bile duct injury is a common complication of cholecystectomy. The timing of bile duct injury repair remains controversial. A recent review conducted in France reported 39% complications and 64% failure after immediate repair in 194 patients compared with 14% complications and 8% failure after late repair in 133 patients. A national review of 139 consecutive early repairs conducted at five hepatopancreaticobiliary centers in Denmark reported 4% mortality, 36% morbidity, and 42 restrictures (30%) at a median follow-up of 102 months, and only 64 patients (46%) demonstrated uneventful short-term and long-term outcomes. Most patients with bile duct injury present with bile leak and sepsis; thus, early repair is not recommended. Percutaneous drainage of bile and endoscopic stenting are the mainstays of treatment of bile leak because they convert acute bile duct injury into a controlled external biliary fistula. The ensuing benign biliary stricture should be repaired by a biliary surgeon after a delay of 4–6 weeks once the external biliary fistula has closed.

关键词： bile duct injury     cholecystectomy     laparoscopic cholecystectomy    

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Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第7期   页码 817-829 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2254-z

摘要： Amino acids are important nitrogen-containing chemicals that have a variety of applications. Currently, fermentation is the widely employed method to produce amino acids; however, the products are mostly limited to natural amino acids in the L-configuration. Catalytic synthesis is an alternative approach for the synthesis of amino acids with different types and configurations, where the use of renewable biomass-based feedstocks is highly attractive. To date, several lignocellulose and triacylglycerol-derived intermediates, typically α-keto acids and α-hydroxyl acids, have been transformed into amino acids via the amination reaction in the presence of additional nitrogen sources (i.e., NH3·H2O). Making full use of inherent nitrogen in biomass (i.e., chitin and protein) to produce amino acids avoids the use of extra nitrogen sources and meets the requirements of green chemistry, which is attracting increasing attention. In this review, we summarize different chemical-catalytic systems for the transformation of biomass to amino acids. An outlook on the challenges and opportunities for more effective production of amino acids from biomass by catalytic methods is provided.

关键词： biomass     amino acids     chitin     nitrogen-containing compounds     lignocellulose    

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Anaerobic digestion of sludge by different pretreatments: Changes of amino acids and microbial community

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1458-7

摘要：

•Tryptophan protein, and aromatic protein I/II were the key identified proteins.

关键词： Sludge pretreatments     Dissolved organic nitrogen     Proteins     Amino acids     Structural equation model     Metagenomic sequencing analysis.    

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Strategies of minimally invasive treatment for intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期   页码 576-589 doi: 10.1007/s11684-017-0536-5

摘要：

Cholelithiasis is a kind of common and multiple diseases. In recent years, traditional laparotomy has been challenged by a minimally invasive surgery. Through literature review, the therapeutic method, effect, and complications of minimally invasive treatment of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones by combining our practical experience were summarized as follows. (1) For intrahepatic bile duct stones, the operation may be selected by laparoscopic liver resection, laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE), or percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy. (2) For concomitant gallstones and common bile duct stones, the surgical approach can be selected as follows: laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) combined with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) or endoscopic papillary balloon dilatation, LC plus laparoscopic transcystic common bile duct exploration, LC plus LCBDE, and T-tube drainage or primary suture. (3) For concomitant intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones, laparoscopic liver resection, choledochoscopy through the hepatic duct orifice on the hepatectomy cross section, LCBDE, EST, and percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopic lithotripsy could be used. According to the abovementioned principle, the minimally invasive treatment approach combined with the surgical technique and equipment condition will be significant in improving the therapeutic effect and avoiding the postoperative complications or hidden dangers of intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones.

关键词： laparoscopy     choledochoscopy     duodenoscopy     cholelithiasis     minimally invasive treatment    

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Characterization of soil low-molecular-weight organic acids in the Karst rocky desertification region

Xiaoliang LI, Xiaomin CHEN, Xia LIU, Lianchuan ZHOU, Xinqiang YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 195-203 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0391-1

摘要： Soil low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids play important roles in the soil-forming process and the cycling of nutrients in Karst regions. In this study, we quantified the contents of LMW organic acids (including lactate, acetate, formate, malate, and oxalate) in soil solution over the Karst region of Guizhou Province, China using ion chromatography. The concentration of total LMW organic acids in topsoil solution ranged from 0.358 to 1.823 μmol·g , with an average of 0.912 μmol·g . The mean concentrations of lactate, acetate, formate, malate, and oxalate were 0.212±0.089, 0.302±0.228, 0.301±0.214, 0.014±0.018 and 0.086±0.118 μmol·g , respectively. There were also significant difference in the contents of these acids among four phases of rocky desertification, and their concentrations decreased with the aggravation of rocky desertification. The concentrations of the LMW organic acids were significantly positive correlated each other. Significant positive correlations were also observed among individual LMW organic acids in soil solution, and between them and soil available P, available K, exchangeable Ca, respectively. Furthermore, the concentrations of LMW organic acids were significantly positively correlated with inorganic anions (chlorides, nitrates, and sulfates) in Karst topsoil solution. Therefore, the concentrations of soil LMW organic acids might be one of driving force in the Karst rock desertification process in Guizhou Province.

关键词： Karst rocky desertification     low-molecular-weight (LMW) organic acids     distribution characteristics     soil    

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Optimization of pretreatment of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Supriyono SUWITO, Giuliano DRAGONE, Hary SULISTYO, Bardi MURACHMAN, Suryo PURWONO, José TEIXEIRA

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 210-215 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1282-5

摘要： A central composite rotatable design and response surface methodology were used in order to investigate the individual and combined effects of the ethanol-to-oil ratio, H SO concentration, temperature and time of reaction on the reduction of free fatty acid (FFA) in jatropha oil. A quadratic polynomial model relating the reaction variables with FFA reduction was developed, presenting a good coefficient of determination ( = 0.893). For reducing FFA to less than 1%, the optimal combination was found to be 0.62 v·v ethanol-to-oil ratio (14.9 v·v ethanol-to-FFA ratio), 1.7% v·v H SO concentration, and 79 min reaction time at a reaction temperature of 54°C. These results are of great relevance to maximize methyl esters formation by transesterification using an alkaline catalyst.

关键词： biodiesel     biofuel     esterification     free fatty acids     jatropha curcas oil    

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Mild and highly regioselective synthesis of biaryl acids via Rh(I)-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative couplingof benzoic acids using sodium chlorite as oxidant

Yun Liu, Youquan Zhu, Chaojun Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第1期   页码 3-8 doi: 10.1007/s11705-017-1693-4

摘要： A mild and efficient synthesis for the biaryl acids via rhodium-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative coupling reaction has been developed. This novel protocol with sodium chlorite as an oxidant featured many advantages such as mild reaction conditions, high regioselectivity, tolerance of various functional groups, and good to excellent yields.

关键词： biaryl acids     cross-dehydrogenative coupling     rhodium-catalyzed    

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Variation in humic and fulvic acids during thermal sludge treatment assessed by size fractionation, elementary

Yuning YANG,Huan LI,Jinyi LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第6期   页码 854-862 doi: 10.1007/s11783-014-0755-9

摘要： Thermal pretreatment can be applied to sludge anaerobic digestion or dewatering. To analyze the variation in humic substances during thermal sludge treatment, sludge humic and fulvic acids were extracted before and after 30-min thermal treatment at 180°C, and then their contents, molecular weight distributions, elementary compositions, and spectral characteristics were compared. The results showed that the total contents of humic and fulvic acids in the sludge almost remained constant during thermal treatment, but 35% of humic and fulvic acids were dissolved from the sludge solids. Moreover, both humic and fulvic acids were partly decomposed and 32% of humic acids were converted to fulvic acids. The median value of the molecular weights of humic acids decreased from 81 to 41 kDa and that of fulvic acids decreased from 15 to 2 kDa. Besides the reduction in molecular size, the chemical structures of humic and fulvic acids also exhibited a slight change, i.e. some oxygen functional groups disappeared and aromatic structures increased after thermal sludge treatment.

关键词： sludge     thermal treatment     humic acids     fulvic acids    

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Effects of organic acids on Cd adsorption and desorption by two anthropic soils

Jingui WANG, Jialong LV, Yaolong FU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 19-30 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0424-9

摘要： The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of malic, tartaric, oxalic, and citric acid on the adsorption and desorption characteristics of Cd by two typical anthropic soils (lou soil and irrigation-silted soil) in North-west China. Cadmium adsorption and desorption were studied under a range of temperatures (25°C, 30°C, 35°C, 40°C), organic acid concentrations (0.5–5.0 mmol·L ), and pH values (2–8). The results showed that the Cd adsorption capacity of the lou soil was significantly greater than that of the irrigation-silted soil. Generally, Cd adsorption increased as the temperature increased. In the presence of NaNO , the adsorption of Cd was endothermic with Δ values of 31.365 kJ·mol for lou soil and 28.278?kJ·mol for irrigation-silted soil. The endothermic reaction indicated that H bonds were the main driving force for Cd adsorption in both soils. However, different concentrations of organic acids showed various influences on the two soils. In the presence of citric acid, chemical adsorption and van der Waals interactions were the main driving forces for Cd adsorption rather than H bonds. Although the types of organic acids and soil properties were different, the effects of the organic acids on the adsorption and desorption of Cd were similar in the two soils. The adsorption percentage of Cd generally decreased as organic acid concentrations increased. In contrast, the adsorption percentage increased as the pH of the initial solution increased. The exception was that adsorption percentage of Cd increased slightly as oxalic acid concentrations increased. In contrast, the desorption percentage of Cd increased with increasing concentrations of organic acids but decreased as the initial solution pH increased.

关键词： adsorption     desorption     cadmium     organic acids     temperature     anthropic soil    

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Artificial Bear Bile: A Novel Approach to Balancing Medical Requirements and Animal Welfare

Yong Li,Yuhong Huang,Nan Feng,Heping Zhang,Jing Qu,Shuanggang Ma,Yunbao Liu,Jiang Li,Shaofeng Xu,Ling Wang,Mi Zhang,Jie Cai,Weiping Wang,Ru Feng,Hang Yu,Bo Yu,Dailiang Liang,Heping Qin,Suxiang Luo,Yanfen Li,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.09.017

摘要： Bear bile has been a valuable and effective medicinal material in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for over 13 centuries. However, the current practice of obtaining it through bear farming is under scrutiny for its adverse impact on bear welfare. Here, we present a new approach for creating artificial bear bile (ABB) as a high-quality and sustainable alternative to natural bear bile. This study addresses the scientific challenges of creating bear bile alternatives through interdisciplinary collaborations across various fields, including resources, chemistry, biology, medicine, pharmacology, and TCM. A comprehensive efficacy assessment system that bridges the gap between TCM and modern medical terminology has been established, allowing for the systematic screening of therapeutic constituents. Through the utilization of chemical synthesis and enzyme engineering technologies, our research has achieved the environmentally friendly, large-scale production of bear bile therapeutic compounds, as well as the optimization and recomposition of ABB formulations. The resulting ABB not only closely resembles natural bear bile in its composition but also offers advantages such as consistent product quality, availability of raw materials, and independence from threatened or wild resources. Comprehensive preclinical efficacy evaluations have demonstrated the equivalence of the therapeutic effects from ABB and those from commercially available drained bear bile (DBB). Furthermore, preclinical toxicological assessment and phase Ⅰ clinical trials show that the safety of ABB is on par with that of the currently used DBB. This innovative strategy can serve as a new research paradigm for developing alternatives for other endangered TCMs, thereby strengthening the integrity and sustainability of TCM.

关键词： Artificial bear bile     Chemical profile     Formula optimization     Pharmacodynamic consistency     Preclinical toxicological assessment    

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Insights into the changes of amino acids, microbial community, and enzymatic activities related with

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1635-y

摘要：

● The highest seed germination index was achieved at 0.3 g/g total solids of food waste.

关键词： Composting     Food waste     Amino acids     Microbial community     Enzymatic activity     Nutrient quality    

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Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) in surface and tap water around

Yong QIU, He JING, Hanchang SHI,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 301-310 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0236-8

摘要： Perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) are ubiquitously distributed in the environment mainly as perfluoro-carboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs). In this paper, six PFCAs and two PFASs were quantified in surface and tap water samples from 12 sites around Lake Taihu near Shanghai City in East China. Predominant PFCs were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), of which the concentration ranges were 6.8–206 and 1.2–45 ng·L, the geometric means were 35.3 and 9.4 ng·L, and the median (quartile range) values were 31.4 (34.4) and 10.4 (10.7) ng·L, respectively. Other PFCs were also detected but in much lower concentrations than PFOA. The sources of the PFCs were expected to be direct industrial discharges in the Lake Taihu area, and this area was also a possible source of PFCs contaminations in Shanghai district in the downstream. PFCs distributions were found different in the upstream, downstream and north part of Lake Taihu. Occurrences of PFCs in the tap water in Lake Taihu area indicated their exposure to the local people. A brief estimation of the environmental risks by PFCs implied no acute or immediate risks from PFCs to local human health, but chronic risks from PFOA in the tap water should be considered in the downstream regions.

关键词： surface and tap water     perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs)     perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs)     Lake Taihu area     ultra performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS)    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Bile acids and their effects on diabetes

Cynthia Rajani, Wei Jia

期刊论文

A mini review: Shape memory polymers for biomedical applications

Kaojin Wang, Satu Strandman, X. X. Zhu

期刊论文

Mechanistic and therapeutic advances in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by targeting the gut microbiota

Ruiting Han, Junli Ma, Houkai Li

期刊论文

Bile duct injury repair — earlier is not better

null

期刊论文

Catalytic conversion of biomass-derived compounds to various amino acids: status and perspectives

期刊论文

Anaerobic digestion of sludge by different pretreatments: Changes of amino acids and microbial community

期刊论文

Strategies of minimally invasive treatment for intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile duct stones

null

期刊论文

Characterization of soil low-molecular-weight organic acids in the Karst rocky desertification region

Xiaoliang LI, Xiaomin CHEN, Xia LIU, Lianchuan ZHOU, Xinqiang YANG

期刊论文

Optimization of pretreatment of Jatropha oil with high free fatty acids for biodiesel production

Supriyono SUWITO, Giuliano DRAGONE, Hary SULISTYO, Bardi MURACHMAN, Suryo PURWONO, José TEIXEIRA

期刊论文

Mild and highly regioselective synthesis of biaryl acids via Rh(I)-catalyzed cross-dehydrogenative couplingof benzoic acids using sodium chlorite as oxidant

Yun Liu, Youquan Zhu, Chaojun Li

期刊论文

Variation in humic and fulvic acids during thermal sludge treatment assessed by size fractionation, elementary

Yuning YANG,Huan LI,Jinyi LI

期刊论文

Effects of organic acids on Cd adsorption and desorption by two anthropic soils

Jingui WANG, Jialong LV, Yaolong FU

期刊论文

Artificial Bear Bile: A Novel Approach to Balancing Medical Requirements and Animal Welfare

Yong Li,Yuhong Huang,Nan Feng,Heping Zhang,Jing Qu,Shuanggang Ma,Yunbao Liu,Jiang Li,Shaofeng Xu,Ling Wang,Mi Zhang,Jie Cai,Weiping Wang,Ru Feng,Hang Yu,Bo Yu,Dailiang Liang,Heping Qin,Suxiang Luo,Yanfen Li,

期刊论文

Insights into the changes of amino acids, microbial community, and enzymatic activities related with

期刊论文

Perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) and perfluoroalkyl sulfonates (PFASs) in surface and tap water around

Yong QIU, He JING, Hanchang SHI,

期刊论文